Term paper drafut Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Drafut - Term Paper Example Furthermore, with Japanese assistance and liberalization reforms, the country further made appreciable progress (â€Å"china's development: assessing the implications†). China has been instrumental in developing some of the most amazing and innovative products that the world has witnessed till date. Over the past three decades, the development of China has been remarkable. The country is often dubbed as the ‘engine’ of the global economy. 2. Population and its Composition China is a country characterized by diverse culture, language and religion. As of 2013, the total population of the country is 1,349,585,838. Among the overall population the following is the age structure. (Source: â€Å"East & Southeast Asia: China†) Age Structure Population 0-14 years 17.2% 15-24 years 15.4% 25-54 years 46.7% 55-64 years 11.3% 65 years and over 9.4% The above table shows that majority of the population belong to 25-54 age groups and this can act as a favorable factor fo r aviation business. The major religion of China is Daoist and Buddhist, Christians and Muslims accounts for 3-4% and 1-2% respectively. The major ethnic group in the country is Han Chinese which is about 91.5% of the overall population. ... around 95.1 % people are literate. In the context of occupation, the majority of the people are involved in the manufacturing sector (â€Å"East & Southeast Asia: China†). In addition, a substantial percentage of the population is also engaged in agricultural activities. 3. Mobility Despite the differences in the labor market trends, survey results reveal that the job mobility is high. The job market of the country is channelled through strong ties. The job changers generally rely on intermediaries to help them find new and better opportunities. However, this high mobility has a positive impact on the economic status. Every shift or rotation of job results in the development of economic status. Paradoxically, the mobility of place is low as Chinese workers prefer to work in their home turf (Bian and Ang 981-985). 4. Transportation Although, China still counts as a developing country, but its transportation infrastructure reflects something completely different. The transportat ion system of the country can match up with any other developed countries of the world. The major transportation modes of the country are airways, roadways, railways and waterways. As of 2013, the country has 507 airports and almost covers the whole country. The country also has a whooping 86,000 km railway network. In terms of its roadway transportation, China has the coverage of 4,106,387 km road. The waterways is another vital communication mode of the country, it has a coverage area of 110,000 km and is ranked at first position globally (â€Å"East & Southeast Asia: China†). The major seaports of the country are Ningbo, Dalian, Qinhuangdao, Tianjin and Shenzhen among others. The transportation infrastructure of the company clearly reveals that it is favorable for any kind of business. However,

Women During the Civil War Essay Example for Free

Women During the Civil War Essay Women during the Civil War helped as nurses, cooks, solider, and spies. Women in the North also worked for the United States Sanitary Commission. â€Å"The primary national relief organization, coordinating donations to the Union. † The role southern women played during the Civil War was also to cook, be spies, the duties of the man while in his absence. â€Å"Women worked in munitions plants, as clerks in government offices, and as a sales force in retail businesses. † Clara Barton a famous Civil War nurse, she followed the troops into battle and worked alongside doctors. Barton later founded the American Red Cross (Schultz, 2012). The war affected both the women on Union and the Confederate side because in the absence of the men, women had to ensure all the duties were completed. Black slaves fighting during the Civil War concerned many individuals. People were fearful of the idea of arming a Black man. In case they would revolt back and kill for their freedom. People feared the idea of the black slaves willing to do anything to become free. Black slaves played a huge role in the American Civil War this was mainly because slaves were a large population of the South. Nearly 3. 5 million people in the Confederate side were slaves (Schultz, 2012). Black slaves were offered an opportunity to become free by serving in the war, but this enticement was only offered as a last resort, because of the desperate need of men to fight the war. The only down side to this was that even freed many blacks were not equal to white men. Black solider rarely ever became officers and the only time they command white men was when their whiteness was not so evident (The Civil War,2013) They were not given equal pay, or allowed to vote. While many slave owners did not want to arm black slaves they desperately needed help in fighting.

Effect of Drugs on Clinical Defence Mechanisms

Effect of Drugs on Clinical Defence Mechanisms Neither seeking pleasure nor damage motive are not enough to explain humans odd solution way for get ride of their misery life which represent addiction. In spite of the fact that misery life has inevitable side, substance addicts have problems with defining the emotions, difficulties with resist the pain. This individuals discover that substance which make them addict enable them to control and reduce permanantly their social problems and supriseful life events. So that substance implications use against explain feelings, depression, boredom, and anger. Psychodynamic approach form fundamental method for explaining substance function and meaning and the way addicts act toward cope their problems. Surely genetic, social science, family and system theories have effect on determining substance addiction one by one (Larssons et al., 2001). Khantzian (1985) stated in his self treatment hypothesis that weakness of ego, lack of self awarness, impulses and emotional defences direct individuls use substance or close to use (p. 105). Protecting personality as a ego function is a little bit complicated. It is a part of a sequence of defence and function such as signal, anxiety, evaluate truth, control, synthesis, decision. When a problem occur in this fuctions then defence mechanisms step in like denial, projection, and rationalization. In addiction process ego put forward as a focal point of pathology. Especially regression, denial, and projection emphasised (Fine Juni, 2001). Ãâ€"gel (2001) stated that lack of love and safety in psychosexual development stage lead to drug use for repress the anxiety and handle this situation when the child reach adulthood (p. 62). According to Ãâ€"gel (2001) as cited in Gà ¼lkan (1994) study on substance addiction with MMPI claim that this individuals have significant independency and negative thoughts, dense change in feelings, impulsive behavior, dissadtsfaction, discomfort and, imbalance. Also their are unable to comprehend and change the situaitons which they came up. This people also can describe as rigid, stubborn, sceptic, difficult and exremely sensitive and they strain social stimulies with defence mechanisms. The people who show their hostile feelings indirectly, use projection, have dominant umbrage thoughts, and sceptic aspects have instable thoughts , stress and anxiety intensively. They tend to exaggerate existing problems consciously and seem worse than they actually are due to taking more attention and escape from their responsibilities and taking more attention. These people use intellecttualization and rationalization but these defences became ineffective because their defences are weak (p. 72 – 73 ) .Denial is perhabs one of the best known defense mechanisms, used many times to define conditions where individuals appear unable to meet truth or accept an obvious reality. Drug users or alcoholics useally deny that they have a problem, while victims of traumatic events might deny that the incident never happened. Observation on addicts show that inadequacy object related task and difficulties on evaluating reality (Rutherford,1996). If our instinct expressed randomly we faced dangerous situations because ego defence mechanisms control and warn us. In this respect drug addictions have inadequate ego capacity for protect their selves. When desired effect received repetetive manner, person start to use less other answers and dealing with problems . As a result of approved by society this people tend to gradually increase regression. Nevertheless in the absence of other compliance mechanisms, for reducing the stressful situation ; prefered substance amount increased or they thought using another drug reduce the side effect of origanal substance (Mulder et all, 1996). Malaysia has changed its medicine programs from compulsory drug detention centers to ambulatory care programs with good care of hospitalized patients just in three months subsequently by after-treatment programs in order to cover permanence of the treatment program. The aim of this is to make ready patients to orientating to the society. Orientating is can be very difficult for addiction patients. A recovered addict uses his defense mechanisms in order to maintain his moderation. By and by, adapting styles might be incapably utilized by recuperating addicts as a part of their exertions to maintain a strategic distance from unpleasant circumstances and it happens when safeguard components are not being overall overseen. This is on the grounds that they make an agreeable circumstance since the addicts dont need to manage the unpleasant circumstances (Gorski, 1992). As their component of guards justifies the activity, their come back to medication utilization is prone to happen. Except their difficulties, their actions are logical and justifiable. Borderline and antisocial personality disorders (Presniak, Olson, MacGregor, 2010), and emotional problems: depression and anxiety (Blaya, Dornelles, Blaya, Kipper, Heldt, Isolan, Bond, Manfro, 2007) are personality disorders and ego defense mechanisms can be associated with them. In order to treat drug addiction with psychotherapy, the researches on defense mechanism have been extended. Defense mechanism have been observed in drug addicts of young adults (Grebot Dardard, 2010), substance abusers with psychotic symptoms (Aleman, 2007), and outpatient drug addicts (Redick, 2002). Gorski (1992) claimed that denial and avoidance defense style in the relapse process and the research development emphasizes the importance of studying the components of defense mechanisms. Studies above show that there is a connection between drugs and defense mechanisms. In the following list, we are going to see how defense mechanism effected by drugs; Here is the list of defense mechanisms that used by alcoholics and drug addicts: DRUGS AND DEFENCE MECHANISMS Denial The best evidence of drug using is denial of the reality. It is the clear evidence that a person drugging. Denial is the situation between, ‘I do not use drugs,’ and ‘I do use drugs but it is under my control.’ This kind of defense mechanism is the clear evidence that the defense mechanism do controlled and continued to controlling by drug. And also this process continues in spite of thinking about the disadvantages of drug addiction. The person also fears to not manage the usage of drug addiction and this kind of defense mechanism is the evidence for it. Selective Recall Interestingly, the defense mechanism takes only the good part of the experience and turns all deeds acceptable and justifiable. For example a person may say that he / she felt good and enjoyed the evening or he / she can say that everyone amazed of him / her. However, he / she do not remember the later part of the evening. In order to justify his / her deeds, a person remembers only good part of his / her experience with drugs and it is the work of defense mechanism. It is also called euphoric recall. Repression It may looks like selective recall because it also repression shameful and bad experiences during drug usage experience. Defense mechanism represses all things that are against his / her self or personality. It makes feeling that experience has not been lived. And it forces a witness of that experience to doubt about his vision and reality-knowledge. When someone questions or criticizing a drug user, he / she can use denial, selective recall and repressive defense separately or collectively. Projection In order to justify his / her drug use, a person can use this sort of defense mechanism. In order to be reasonable, person blames others or his / her environment to justify his / her deed. For example, a person may say that it is other fault and he / she should argue with himself / herself. Person may blame his parents and tell them that they have pressure on him / her and they should not gave him a birth. Or even a person can claim that other people never loved him / her. Rationalization When people do not expect the result of their actions, they mostly use this type of defense mechanism. It justifies their drug usage. For example, a person may claim that he / she deserve the celebration because he / she worked hard. Or he / she may connect his exam failure with his / her depression. And in order to justify his / her drug and alcohol usage he / she may say that everyone else was drunk and used drug, so he / she could not do anything. Regression Regression is when a person clings to childish actions in order to avoid the adult responsibility. A person in order to avoid his / her adult responsibility, takes role of a child. Person will try to take attention not to the drug usage but to his / her behavior such as screaming, crying and etc. When a person acts and defends himself / herself like this, those people who are against his / her drug usage focus not on his / her problems with drugs, but on person’s behavior. After all, they will let him do whatever he wills to do. Minimizing This defense mechanism tries to minimize the problem. For example, if a person used alcohol he may say that it was just two drinks or joints and that he knew what was going on. Or if a person sleeps deeply he may defend himself telling that he just took a nap for a while. Even if a person hits someone he may say that he did not hit another person hard. Also, he may deny that he is an addict by giving reasons such as he just uses Dope and E and not Coke and Heroin. REFERENCES Aleman, K. (2007). Object relation quality, alexithymia, and defense mechanisms of drug abusers with antisocial personality disorder. Social Behavior and Personality, 35 (10): 1335-1352. Blaya, C., Dornelles, M., Blaya, R., Kipper, L., Heldt, E., Isolan, L., Manfro, G. G., Bond, M. (2007). Brazilian-Portuguese version of defensive style questionnaire-40 for the assessment of defense mechanisms: Construct validity study. Psychotherapy Research, (3): 261-272 Fine J, Juni S: Ego atrophy in substance abuse: addiction from a socio-cultural perspective Am J Psychoanal 6 1(3):293-304,2001. Gorski, T. T. (1992). The Staying Sober Workbook: A Serious Solution for the Problem of Relapse. Independence Press: Missouri. Grebot, E., Dardard. J. (2010). Cognitive schemas, addictive beliefs, and defenses in cannabis addiction in young addiction. French Psychology, 55: 373-387. Khantzian EJ: The self medication hypothesis of addictive disorders: focus on heroin and cocain dependence. A J Psychiatry 142:1259-1264, 1985 Larsson S, Lilja J, Borg S, et al: Toward an integrative approach in the analysis of dependency problems, Subst Use Misuse 36(9-10):1323-1356, 2001. Mulder RT, Joyce PR, Sellan JD, Sullivan PF, Cloninger CR: Towards an understanding of defense style in terms of temperament and character. Acta Psychiatr Scand 93(2): 99- 104, 1996. Ãâ€"gel (2001) Ä °nsan, YaÃ…Å ¸am ve BaÄÅ ¸Ãƒâ€žÃ‚ ±mlÄ ±lÄ ±k TartÄ ±Ãƒâ€¦Ã… ¸malar ve Gerekà §eler. Ä °stanbul: IQ Kà ¼ltà ¼r Sanat YayÄ ±ncÄ ±lÄ ±k Cherry, K (n.d.) . In About.com Psychology. http://psychology.about.com/od/theoriesofperso nality/ss/defensemech_3.htm. Presniak, M. D., Olson, T. R., MacGregor, M. W. (2010). The role of defense mechanisms in borderline and antisocial personalities. Journal of Personality Assessment, 92(2): 137-145. Redick, R. (2002). The defense styles of outpatient substance abusers vs. non substance abuser. Unpublished doctoral dissertation: Chicago, Illinois. Rehab centers ca addiction treatment advice. http://rehab4addictions.com/?page_id=361 Rutherford MJ, Cacciola JS, Alterman Al, McKay JR: Assesment of object relations and reality testing in methadone patients. Am J Psychiatry,153(9):1189-94, 1996.

white fang Essay -- essays research papers

During Jack London’s life he has written many great novels, perhaps the greatest was White Fang. In 1906 he wrote the legendary novel about a stray wolf reverting to domestication. The majority of this book concerns White Fangs’ struggles with savage nature, Indians, dogs and white men. However, we also see White Fang is tamed by love and turns from a savage wolf into a loving and domesticated dog. White Fang begins with two men traveling through the artic with a dog team and sled, followed by a pack of famished wolves who pick off the dogs, one by one at night and eventually gets one of the men. The point of view then shifts to wolves and stays with them for nearly the entire story. â€Å"Over Jack London life he has wrote many books with Darwin's popular ideas in mind, particularly White Fang1 †. The process of "natural selection" means that only the strongest, brightest, and most adaptable elements of a species will survive. This idea is embodied by the character, White Fang. From the onset, he is the strongest wolf cub, the only one of the litter to survive the famine. His strength and intelligence make him the most feared dog in the Indian camp. While defending Judge Scott, Weedon Scott’s father, White Fang takes three bullets but is miraculously able to survive. One element of the book one might overlook is White Fang's ability to adapt to any new circumstances and somehow survive. He learns how to fight the other dogs, he learns to obey new masters, he learns to fight under the evil guidance of Beauty and, finally, he learns to love and be tamed by Weedon Scott. In the novel White Fang by Jack London, the main character learns to adapt to its surroundings ultimately leading to his domestication. There are many ways that the wild has influenced White Fang throughout his life. The beginning of this novel gives us one glimpse into the possible "other life" for White Fang. London chooses to show us the development White Fang, from a scientific perspective. â€Å"He compares the puppies to plants, and shows how even without consciousness; they are drawn toward the light2†. He also shows us White Fangs exploration of the outside - he thinks that he could walk on water, but then learns that it moves and is wet, and learns that it’s a stream. His descriptions show us the world as a wolf-pup. We understand what London means by the "wall of ligh... ...ng to his domestication. White Fang is tamed by love and turns from a savage wolf into a loving and home-keeping dog. However through the incident in San Francisco we can see that White Fang can easily revert back to his old ways. During the ending of the novel an incident occurs when a convict, Jim Hall, breaks into Judge Scott's home to "wreak vengeance" on the man who "railroaded" him into prison. Judge Scott's life is saved by White Fang, who very nearly loses his own life before slashing the throat of the killer. Jim Hall is a mad dog that must be destroyed for the safety of respectable citizens. In his encounter with the convict, White Fang has suffered several bullet wounds and is critically injured. But White Fang beats the odds and lives to be christened; the Scott family now calls him â€Å"The Blessed Wolf†. He lives, because of his extraordinary natural toughness, and his legacy of the wild, thus this shows the great power that is his, the p ower that he relaxes into love and ease but still keeps ready in case there is need for it in the treacherous world. Most of this book concerns White Fang’s struggles with savage nature, Indians, dogs, and white men.

Components of Knowledge Systems

Components of a Knowledge Management System A Knowledge Management System (KMS) refers to either a technology-based or non-technical interconnected group of functions that have behaviour that enables or facilitates either (or a combination of) the discovery, capture, integration, sharing or delivery of the knowledge required by an organisation to meet its objectives. It can comprise a part of a Knowledge Management initiative or strategy to improve the utility of an organisation’s intellectual capital. A knowledge management system is inherently a soft open system. This means that boundaries are permeable and difficult to position.What may be useful to one person in one part of an organisation may be useless to someone else in another department. Any knowledge management initiative must therefore establish clear achievable goals that deliver benefits to the organisation, or a sub-set of the organisation, and take into account user and stakeholder requirements. The key principl e is that it must be useful and solve a problem. A successful knowledge management system is founded on a clear understanding of: ? ? ? ? ? what the organisation considers to be organisational knowledge; what the organisation’s knowledge goals are; here knowledge resides in an organisation, and its form; what knowledge components must be managed; and finally the absolutely central role of people in any system. The essential components of a Knowledge Management System can be seen in the model at Figure 1. Figure 1. Components of a Knowledge Management System The following table describes the components of a KMS. Component Description 1. Strategy A KMS should be part of a strategy that identifies the key needs and issues within the organisation, and provide a framework for addressing these. 1. 1. ProblemA problem or opportunity facing the organisation needs to exist. W hat particular worldview justifies the existence of a KM system? (What point of view makes this system meaning ful? ) 1. 2. Purpose / objective A KMS should have an explicit Knowledge Management objective of some type such as collaboration, sharing good practice or the like. 1. 3. Policy Any KMS should be linked to an organisational policy 1. 4. Governance Any KMS must be managed properly and a governance framework that articulates roles and responsibilities is a necessary part of a KMS. 1. 5. CultureThe culture, values and beliefs of the people within an organisation affects the way in which they may be receptive to a KMS. 1. 6. Risk W hat are the risks within an organisation to the success of a KMS? 2. Actors People are central to any KMS and there are different participants with differing backgrounds and experiences. There are a number of roles to carry out a range of activities involved in an effective KMS. 2. 1. Owner W ho owns the business process and has the authority to abolish this system or change its measures of performance? 2. 2. Source W ho/what currently holds the knowledge and where does it reside? . 3. Clients W ho are the beneficiaries of this particular system? (Who would benefit or suffer from its operations? ) 2. 4. Managers W ho is responsible for implementing this system? (Who would carry out the activities which make this system work? ) 2. 5. Enablers W ho else needs to be involved to make the knowledge system work such as IT administrators or HR support staff 2. 6. Boundary Spanners Those people who connect workgroups in the organisaiton 3. Infrastructure Most KMSs will require some form of infrastructure to enable the system to function. 3. 1. FacilitiesW hat facilities are required to support the KMS function? 3. 2. Equipment W hat equipment is required to enable the KMS to function effectively? 3. 3. Repositories W here will the KMS store any information or knowledge? 3. 4. Instruments There may be a series of instruments, tools or templates required to support the capture, creation and sharing of the corporate knowledge . This might also inc lude directories, taxonomies or ontologies. 3. 5. Software Any software solutions that enable or comprise the KMS 3. 6. Networks The social or electronic networks that enable a KMS . 7. Hardware Is there are requirement for any additional hardware 4. Functionality KMSs are developed to support and enhance knowledge-intensive processes, tasks or projects of e. g. , creation, construction, identification, capturing, acquisition, selection, valuation, organization, linking, structuring, formalization, visualization, transfer, distribution, retention, maintenance, refinement, revision, evolution, accessing, retrieval and last but not least the application of knowledge, also called the knowledge life cycle. 4. 1. LogicA KMS may be based on some underpinning logic or conept 4. 2. Business rules Any system requires business rules to control the operation of the system. 4. 3. Transformation W hat transformation does this system bring about? (What are the inputs and what transformation do th ey go through to become the outputs? ). There should be an transformation mode identified: Socialisation – Transfer / sharing Externalisation – Knowledge capture Combination – Business Intelligence Internalisation – Knowledge Delivery 4. 4. Integration Does the KMS need to integrate with any other system? 4. 5. TailoringA KMS should sense the response of the client to the user of the KMS and preferably be able to adjust the mode, complexity, order and extent of the interaction being experienced by the client. 4. 6. Administration W hat administration is required in order to support the KMS? 4. 7. Reporting W hat reporting is required to support the management of the KMS? 4. 8. Procedures W hat processes need to be documented into procedures to be able to apply appropriate controls and guidance to support the KMS? 4. 9. Content Management W hat content management functionality is required to support the management of the KMS? 5.Delivery 5. 1. Mode Any KMS requires the delivery or facilitation of knowledge or a knowledge management service. Synchronous Technique – Same Time, Same Place Asynchronous Technique (AT) – Different Time, Same Place Distributed Synchronous Collaboration (DSC) – Same Time, Different Place Distributed Asynchronous Collaboration (DAC) – Different Time, Different Place 5. 2. Facilitation A KMS must have an interface where people interact with the system. This could be a facilitator or utilise technology via Visual, Audio or Experiential/tactile modes to facilitate the interaction of the user/client with the system. . 3. Style The effectiveness of a KMS can be enhanced through the adoption of a style that is consistent with the culture of an organisation. Style sends important messages to a client about the KMS. 5. 4. Techniques Delivery of a KMS may require the application of skills and techniques in order to be successful. 5. 5. Access Control A KMS should identify and target clients to enable appropriate personnel and lock out inappropriate personnel. 5. 6. Accessibility A KMS needs to be accessible to people with physical restrictions or a disability 5. 7. PersonalisationA KMS should be able to be personalised to suit the client 6. Content Some KMS will hold content to enable the system to function. 6. 1. Lifespan Content may be static, dynamic or compiled on the fly (mash-up) 6. 2. Authoring The content within a KMS needs to be effectively authored/prepared in a form that is usable to the client 6. 3. Publishing A publishing process and model needs to be in place to authorise and control release of content 6. 4. Validation and referencing of Source Content needs to be obtained from authentic sources and the sources need to be identified and verifiable. 6. 5.Stewardship of the content Ownership/stewardship of the content is important as a management process to ensure the effective delivery and utilisation of the KMS 6. 6. Review and update Any content held by a KMS should be subject to a review and update protocol. 6. 7. Security Any classified content held by a KMS must be adequately protected. 6. 8. Taxonomy Content held by a KMS may need to be sorted into an appropriate structure to enable easy discovery and use. 6. 9. Catalogue Any content held by a KMS may require cataloguing in order to better manage the information. 6. 10. Version ControlAny content held by a KMS should be subject to version control. 6. 11. Disposal Any content held by a KMS that is no longer relevant or valued should be disposed of. 7. Continuous improvement A KMS should be regularly reviewed to ensure that it is meeting the objectives identified in the strategy and requirements. 7. 1. Feedback Feedback on the utility of a KMS is important to identify issues that need to be addressed. 7. 2. Performance management A Performance Management sub-system should include: Indicators, Levels/Measures, a collection process, analysis and reporting. 7. 3. Review and AuditThi rd party review or audit of the effectiveness of a KMS may be appropriate. 7. 4. Benefits Realisation Management of the KMS is required in order to ensure that the benefits are being realised and the organisation is achieving the objectives it set out to meet in the development and implementation of the KMS. References and Further Reading Durant-Law, G. , The Essential Components of a Knowledge Management System | Knowledge Matters. Available at: http://www. durantlaw. info/essential-components-of–knowledgemanagement-system Langton, N & Robbins, S. (2006). Organizational Behaviour (Fourth Canadian Edition).Toronto, Ontario: Pearson Prentice Hall. Maier, R (2007): Knowledge Management Systems: Information And Communication Technologies for Knowledge Management. 3rd edition, Berlin: Springer. Shelley, A, The Organizational Zoo – Resources. Available at: http://www. organizationalzoo. com/resources Snowden, D, Cognitive Edge. Available at: http://www. cognitiveedge. com/b logs/dave/2009/09/defining_km. php Standards Australia, AS 5037-2005 Knowledge management – a guide Tiwana, A. , 1999. Knowledge Management Toolkit, The: Practical Techniques for Building a Knowledge Management System, Pearson Education.

To The Age Its Art 1870 1920 essays

To The Age Its Art 1870 1920 essays To The Age Its Art, 1870 - 1920 Dada is the artistic and literary movement reflecting a widespread nihilistic protest against all aspects of Western culture in the late 19th century. In their efforts to express the negation of all-current aesthetic and social values, the Dadaists frequently used artistic methods that were deliberately incomprehensible. Although the Dadaists employed revolutionary techniques, their revolt against standards was based values on a profound belief, stemming from the romantic tradition, in the essential goodness of humanity when uncorrupted by society. The art of the age mocked conventional modes of expression. Expressionism, in arts, is a movement or tendency that strives to express a subjective view of the world through feelings and emotions rather than to depict reality or nature objectively. Sources 1 and 2 represent conventional artwork from the late 19th century. Ingres gave the human figure rhythmic flow and included harmony in his paintings, which exemplified the traditional values and modes of expression. Seurat, Georges was a French painter, who practiced neoimpressionism. He rejected the soft, irregular brushstrokes of impressionism and was in favor of pointillism. Pointillism digresses from the lifelike paintings of the previous era. In source 3, for example, little attention is paid to the individual characteristics of the people. This may have embodied Durkheim and Webers theories of the authority of the individual by the state causing a loss in human creativity and personal autonomy. Van Goghs work represents the ideal of expressionism, which is the idea of emotional spontaneity in painting. Source 4 tries to capture the human essence and emotions of his subjects. In source 5 expressionism, the subject matter represents Gauguins interest in dreams and unc onscious. Source 6 shows imaginative subject matter and depictions of fantasy. This demonstrated Freud&apo...